This paper proposes an energy and reserve joint dispatch model based on a robust\noptimization approach in real-time electricity markets, considering wind power generation\nuncertainties as well as zonal reserve constraints under both normal and N-1 contingency conditions.\nIn the proposed model, the operating reserves are classified as regulating reserve and spinning reserve\naccording to the response performance. More specifically, the regulating reserve is usually utilized to\nreduce the gap due to forecasting errors, while the spinning reserve is commonly adopted to enhance\nthe ability for N-1 contingencies. Since the transmission bottlenecks may inhibit the deliverability of\nreserve, the zonal placement of spinning reserve is considered in this paper to improve the reserve\ndeliverability under the contingencies. Numerical results on the IEEE 118-bus test system show the\neffectiveness of the proposed model.
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